Sunday, 25 March 2012
What is a Robot ?
What is a Robot ?
As such no formal defination, Research Engineers at Robosapiensindia
came up with the undermentioned defination…
“An electrical or
mechanical or electromechanical, programmable or non programmable
multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks”
Introduction
Introduction
Isaac
Asimov popularized the term
robotics. Asimov is a visionary who envisioned in the 1930’s the positronic brain for
controlling robots. He invented the three laws of robotics:
•A robot may not harm
a human through
action or inaction,
allow a human to come to
harm
•A robot must obey the
orders given by
human beings, except when such orders
conflict with the First
Law
•A robot must protect
its own existence as long
as it does not conflict with the First or
Second Laws
Learning Objective
Learning Objective
•What the word robot means and its origins
•Some of the current uses of robots in society
•Explain some of the key problems involved in designing
and building robots
Current Robotic Technologies
Current Robotic Technologies
•
Industrial robots
(which can be
re-programmed) are used extensively in factories to weld, paint, lift and
transport goods in place of humans
•
The car manufacturing industry is a good example. Robots weld and fit car
components to new vehicles
Current Robotic Technologies
Current Robotic Technologies
•
Large organisations and companies reap many benefits from robotic technologies
because:
• Robots are less
expensive than paying human
workers over the long run and robots are not prone to injure themselves.
Robots are currently used for situations where human safety is an issue
Robots
are currently used for situations where human safety is an issue
• Robots are used
internationally by Police, Army, Navy and Air force organisations
• Robotic technology
is used to deal with hazardous situations such as dealing with suspicious
packages, riots and for the collection of foreign intelligence
• NASA scientists use
robotic technologies (Mars Explorer) to explore other planets
Industrial Application
Industrial Applications
•Repetitive tasks
•High speed
•High precision
movements
•Pre-planned
trajectories and task policies
•Automated and no
human interference required
Shared Challenges
Shared Challenges
•Configuring sensors and actuators in running system
•Coordinating sensors and actuators asynchronously
• monitoring/interacting/debugging running system
•Development when access to robot is limited
•Re-use of components across hardware platforms and
device
Robotics in Movies
Robotics in Movies
•MATRIX
•I-ROBOT
•TERMINATOR
•WALL-E
•ROBOT (TELUGU&HINDI)
Contd…..
•All these movies are based on the fact that rules of
robotics are violated
•Robots turn against their very own creators humans
•So we should build robots keeping the rules of robotics
in mind
Robotics Fiction
•Matrix is an
artificial reality created by sentient machines in order to pacify and subdue
the human population
• It contains numerous
references to philosophical and religious ideas and to the hacker subculture,
as well as homage’s to the style of Japanese animation and cyberpunk
•It shows the conflict
between humans & machines and shows how machines can turn hostile against
humans if not controlled cautiously
A robot must have the following essential characteristics
A robot must have the following
essential characteristic
Mobility: It possesses some
form of mobility.
•Programmability: It can be programmed
to
accomplish a large variety of tasks. After
being programmed, it operates
automatically.
•Sensors: On or around the
device that are able to
sense the environment and give useful feedback
to the
device.
•Mechanical
capability: Enabling it to act
on its
environment rather than merely function as a data
processing or
computational device (a robot is a
machine); and
•Flexibility:
It can operate using
a range of
programs and manipulates in a variety of ways.
ASIMO ROBOT
•ASIMO
is a humanoid robot created by Honda. ASIMO was created at Honda’s Research
& Development Wako Fundamental Technical Research Center in Japan.
•The
name ASIMO is an acronym for “Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility”.
Contd…..
•The
main concept behind Honda's robot was to create a more viable mobility that
allow robots to help and live in harmony with people.
•ASIMO
has the unique ability to walk forward, backward, side step and even climb
stairs with human-like agility. With the capability to navigate and operate in
our world, ASIMO will be able to perform tasks to assist .
•ASIMO
has two Degrees of Freedom on its neck, six on each arm and six on each leg.
•ASIMO
may also someday be helpful in dangerous work environments such as moving
harmful chemicals or fighting fires.
Kismet Robot
Kismet is a robot made in the late 1990s at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology with auditory, visual and expressive systems intended
to participate in human social interaction and to demonstrate simulated human
emotion and appearance. The name Kismet comes from the Arabic , Turkish , Urdu
Hindi and Punjabi word meaning "fate" or sometimes "luck".
Contd....
•Kismet simulates emotion through various facial
expressions, vocalizations, and movement. Facial expressions are created
through movements of the ears, eyebrows, eyelids, lips, jaw, and head.
§Four color CCD cameras mounted on a stereo active vision
head and two wide field of view cameras allow Kismet to decide what to pay
attention to and to estimate distances.
§ Maxon DC servo motors with high resolution optical encoders are
positioned to give Kismet three degrees of eye movement, which allow it to
control gaze direction and gives Kismet the ability to move and orient its eyes
like a human. This allows Kismet to simulate human visual behaviors
ICUBE ROBOT
Contd....
§The
iCub is a small-size
humanoid robot being designed by the
RobotCub Consortium, consisting of several European
universities.
§The
iCub is the humanoid
baby-robot being designed within the
RobotCub project. It is a full humanoid robot sized as a three
and
half year-old child; about 3 feet tall. It has 53 degrees of freedom
,including articulated hands that are used for manipulation and
gesturing.
§iCub robot, like a human
child and it is a fine simulation of a
human child. The iCub is able to crawl and
walk, make human-like
eye and head movements and recognise and grasp objects.
Conclusion
Although most robots
in use today are designed for specific tasks, the goal is to make universal
robots, robots flexible enough to do just about anything a human can do.
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